Wednesday, October 30, 2019

Narration and description Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Narration and description - Essay Example My grandmother was a college professor with a doctoral degree in education, in addition to being a good cook, a relentless laundry woman, an intelligent consultant, a loving mother to an only child (my father), and the dotting granny at her best. I found her unusual and unpredictable since, despite her age, she manifested vigor and strength analogous to my mother. At one time I see her cooking and an instant she was dressed in flashy gold outfit ready for an evening party with members of her favorite civic organization. She wore extremely large earrings and fixed her hair high with the help of a hair spray. She was gregarious, highly sociable, cunning, intrusive and sometimes, impossible. She would give me and my brothers’ daily tasks to comply such as watering the plants, cleaning the yard, picking out withered leaves in the middle of our play time. She would demand to be taken to almost forgotten scheduled itineraries by my apprehensive father, with us crying siblings driving along. What I loved most about my grandmother was her genuine love for the family. She would go out of her way to prepare lavish dishes and buy special gifts for each of us to commemorate extraordinary days. She loves setting the dining table in intricate and elaborately designed table cloths and chooses the daintiest dishes, depending on the occasion. Christmas and New Year are the best holidays due to the diversity in foods prepared and the number of colorful and shiny gifts wrapped in ribbons of red, green and gold under the tree. She told me when I was grown up and she has immensely aged that what matters most in life is that we have identified what we want to pursue and that we have designed ways and means to fulfill our goals. Also, she told me to remain steadfast in our faith and to believe in the ethics of reciprocity: that of doing

Monday, October 28, 2019

Beauty Essay Example for Free

Beauty Essay Beauty is something that can be interpreted completely different from person to person. A famous quote that goes along with this perfectly is â€Å"beauty is in the eye of the beholder. † I think a person’s inner beauty should be taken into account when deciding whether or not a person is beautiful. Wikipedia’s definition of beauty is, â€Å"a characteristic of a person, animal, place, object, or idea that provides a perceptual experience of pleasure or satisfaction† while Oxford Dictionary states, â€Å"beauty is a combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially sight. As you can see, inner beauty could be paired with Wiki’s definition and outer beauty could be paired with Oxfords. Of course, there is no way of telling which definition is more correct, but, for the majority of today’s society, outer beauty seems to be the primary focus. One example that proves just how important outer beauty is to society is the rise in beauty products and services that are around today. Surely, once the 21st century initiated, appearance definitely began to play a much bigger part in people’s lives. Interests in salons and day spas were rising generously, and surely, business was not hard to find. More than likely, most salons’ appointment books were filled, nail salon chairs were occupied, and an increase sales in beauty products all hit businesses with full force. Another illustration of our appearance obsessed society is seen in the surrounding woman and men. For instance, there are many events, even on a global scale, that support this shallow idea of exterior perfection, such as Beauty pageants; Miss America and Miss Universe are two of too many examples. These events are taken very seriously by a vast number of contestants who alter their body surgically, wear dentures, and add an, no doubt, unnatural amount of makeup and hair extensions. Furthermore, even more popular, exists pageants for young children with contestants of ages as low as a few months. With toddlers and infants being at their most influenced, getting done up in caked on make-up, eyelashes, spray tan, and fake teeth just isn’t something we should be backing. As you can see, it is time for people to focus more on things such as a person’s morality, personality, values, and intelligence rather than always infatuated with exterior. The main reason the word beauty has been used to describe external features rather than internal ones, so much more in the recent years, is the media. The media has evolved into something extremely influential, and the most clear message people recive from this, is what they are supposed to look like. For instance, magazines often create young girls who believe that thin as paper models seen in any magazine are what they are supposed to look like. Also, another component adding to the superficial terms people have are the celebrities that we idolize who are coached to not have even one single hair out of place; all those celebrity’s with perfect skin, hair, and body have been accomplices in the media’s outrageous spread shallow opinions. The outcome of the media’s bar being set so high is people all around doing whatever necessary to preserve their physical appearance regardless of the effect it has on their health or bank accounts. Everyone would be a lot happier if they drew their attention to the internal characteristics of a person, rather than all of the smoke and mirrors that is displayed on the surface. For example, someone who is the most kind-hearted, level headed, and selfless person could go through her whole life not having the opportunity to show others due to her presentation of a had exterior. Of course, although it can be hard for some, it’s never right to reject someone all because they don’t meet the unspoken of standards that most have set for themselves as well as the others. Helen Keller once said, â€Å"Beauty is not always seen but is felt in the heart. Helen was someone who was dealt a horrific hand yet still noticed and embraced the beauty in all of her experiences. To sum up, most of society goes without noticing, or simply doesn’t care, about any beauty that reaches deeper than the surface, which is very unfortunate. Many people become sick, depressed and some even die as a result of the pressure media and those greatly influenced by it puts on them. This world could be so much better, relationships could be so much stronger, and those who deserve it would be so much happier if the word â€Å"beauty† was interpreted as something deeper by the masses; one can only hope.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

Causes of the Fenian Movement :: Essays Papers

Causes of the Fenian Movement Irish history is one that is filled with many successes, but heavily out weighted by tragedies and failures of all types. Beginning in the 1840’s, Ireland was faced with many occurrences that lead up to a movement that changed the history of Ireland’s nationalism. â€Å"Beginning with 1847, the potato blight left famine and death on every hand; emigration was excessive and disaffection wide spread yet the British government did little to relieve the deplorable conditions.† (Walker 2) One of the largest events of the time was the Fenian Movement. This movement was led by the people in order to take back what was theirs, their land and rights. While many occurrences might have contributed to the Fenian Movement, which was named after the legendary Gaelic hero, Finn Mac Cumhail (de Nie 215), the four large contributors were The Great Potato Famine; The Young Ireland Uprising; the Civil War; and Britain’s tightening oppression. In 1845, the main crop of the Irish was coming under attack. A blight that slowly killed the potatoes from the inside out, hit the country hard. With the devastation of the dying potatoes, much of the population was found to be in starving situations. Disease that already existed in the country, attacked those left weak by the starvation they were facing, and many died. The disaster of the Famine radicalized a generation of mainly catholic young men of modest social origin, some of whom eventually succeed in assembling an almost open and extremely widespread conspiracy to subvert British rule in Ireland (Gavin 471) This lead to the emigration of many to other countries in order to leave the diseased country. The Famine also caused many Irish to question the control that Britain had over their country. Britain granted no form of help to the devastated Irish population. Since potatoes were Ireland’s top export, the British decided to tax and bill for the potatoes that they never received. They also used religion as a tool to discourage the Irish. English Catholic’s prevalent concern: that Irish nationalism would supersede Catholicism in the hearts and minds of England’s Catholic population, which was predominantly composed of working-class Irish migrants†¦ Most Irish classified their Catholicism with nationalism while English Catholics considered themselves a refined Catholic minority in a vulgar Protestant land (Dye 358).

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Sample Marketing Plan

Plan Outline * 1. 0 Executive Summary * 2. 0 Situation Analysis * 3. 0 Marketing Strategy * 4. 0 Marketing Mix * Pricing * Promotion * Advertising * Public Relations * Direct Marketing * Web Plan * Website Goals * Website Marketing Strategy * Development Requirements * Website Milestones * Implementation Schedule * Milestones * Funding Plan * Funding Strategy * Funding Process * Funding Account Plan * Funding Pipeline * 5. 0 Financials * 6. 0 Controls Executive Summary 1. 0 Executive Summary All4Sports is a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization that provides the community with a complete youth sports program. All4Sports offers participants from kindergarten to high school positive learning and team experiences along with the opportunity to create life-long memories. All4Sports continues to be the premier provider of youth sports experiences, and seeks to make this experience affordable and available for all interested participants. This is done through a series of successful undraising activities, the role of the fundraising Foundation, and a solid financial approach to managing these resources. All4Sports now serves more than 24,000 participants in seven sports throughout the Jackson County area with additional youth participating on an out-of-district basis. Ongoing efforts are in place to continue to improve the quality and integrity of the program. The success of these efforts has been documented through studies that confirm the positive perception of the program wi thin the Jackson County area. Major challenges face All4Sports for the future. These include the uncertainties brought on by property tax changes, facility and capital requirements, the impact of alternative programs, and volunteer training and educational needs, to name a few. The Board of Directors, staff, and volunteers continue to work toward providing a quality experience in the most effective and efficient manner possible with optimism for the future of this exceptional organization. Situation Analysis 2. 0 Situation Analysis The need for youth sports programs is validated and magnified by information that attributes long-term value to participants in these programs. Numerous studies document the direct value of youth participation in sports. These studies indicate a direct correlation demonstrating that involvement in sports results in reducing the potential to become involved in drugs, sex, crime, and gang-related behaviors. Research indicates the economic, social and personal value of â€Å"investing† in the lives of children in a positive and constructive manner avoids the social and penal system costs that may later result. To meet this need, All4Sports offers an experience that serves as a personal â€Å"sports reference† for participants throughout their lives. These important benefits continue to validate the All4Sports concept. 2. 1 Market Needs The initial reasons for All4Sports remain constant. School-sponsored sports programs are severely limited in terms of age and range of events. Based on a recent study, 59% of the people in the Jackson County area surveyed believe the public school system fails to meet their sports experience expectations. Driven by economics, most notably with the passage of state legislation limiting school funding, many sports programs have not survived increasing economic pressures on the public school system. Property tax modifications may further impede the public school system's ability to offer any more than the most basic classroom experiences. All4Sports seeks to serve all interested children from kindergarten through high school regardless of what the school they attend offers. There are absolutely no expectations regarding skill or experience, only the desire to participate. The All4Sports program is orchestrated to make this experience as accessible and affordable as possible to this audience. 2. 2 The Market All4Sports provides valuable team and social experiences for the increasing population of public, private, and home-schooled youth. All4Sports offers young people the opportunity to participate in a variety of team sports throughout the calendar year. Beginning in kindergarten, these experiences provide a source of recreation and simultaneously improve athletic skills, health and fitness as they offer experiences in teamwork, sportsmanship, fair play, cooperation and leadership. Increased self confidence is just one of the many intangible benefits this program offers. Market Analysis Market Analysis| | 2006| 2007| 2008| 2009| 2010| | Potential Customers| Growth| | | | | | CAGR| Public School Students| 6%| 1,947| 2,064| 2,188| 2,319| 2,458| 6. 00%| Private School Students| 9%| 388| 423| 461| 502| 547| 8. 97%| Home School Students| 17%| 107| 125| 146| 171| 200| 16. 93%| Total| 7. 03%| 2,442| 2,612| 2,795| 2,992| 3,205| 7. 03%| Market Analysis (Pie) 2. 2. 1 Market Demographics Market Ge ographics – All4Sports serves the Jackson County area with a total population in excess of 170,000 people. With a majority of participants from Medford, the program also has participation from surrounding communities, ncluding Central Point, Jacksonville, White City, and Ashland. Market Demographics – An estimated 45% of households in this area contain children under the age of 18. Each of these households averages 2. 1 children. Therefore, an estimated 39,000 children under the age of 18 are potential All4Sports participants. This number is determined annually from grade school enrollment within the areas served. Past data indicates that the highest level of participation occurs after Grade 2. Participation begins to drop in the middle school years, with a significant reduction in participation at Grade 9. A total of 59% of the participants are male and 41% female. Boys dominate football and girls dominate volleyball. These percentages constantly change due to trends in choice of sports, other alternatives offered in the market place, and other factors impacting participation and availability of these experiences. Market Psychographics – One of the most typical profiles of families interested in this type of program can be described by the following: * The parent/guardian works full-time in a traditional â€Å"8 to 5† schedule. * They have more than one child living at home. They are relatively active in their child's life, but feel they have limited time. * They value the physical and social experience their child receives more than actual sports and skill-development aspects of the experience. Market Behaviors – All4Sports continues to enjoy a positive perception within the community. Studies report solid support of the concept and purpose of the organization and an awareness of the problems inherent in a program that involves thousands of volunteers. Based on recently conducted research, more than 86% of the population in Jackson County area has some awareness of All4Sports. Most people report they are familiar with All4Sports through knowing a young person who has participated in an All4Sports program. Individual awareness levels are highest among adults in the 25-54 age range, and business owners and managers have a 93% awareness level. More than 82% of this group considers our program to have a positive influence on youth and a potential deterrent to violence and other anti-social behavior. This is one of the primary reasons people continue to support this program. Market Demographics Market Demographics| | | | | | Market Segments| Everyone gets to play! | Dominant Gender| Lead Sport| Multi-Programs| Out-of-Area| Public School Students| Be part of the competition! | Male 51%| Soccer| 0. 12| 0. 05| Private School Students| Join the team! | Male 54%| Basketball| 0. 28| 0. 08| Home School Students| Grade 1-12| Female 52%| Soccer| 0. 54| 0. 14| 2. 2. 2 Market Trends The significant market trends are as follows: * Diminishing financial support at all grade levels form public schools to facilitate sports activities for students. Increasing demands from children and their families to offer sports experiences at early ages, beginning at kindergarten. * Heightened awareness of the positive correlation with involvement in sports and reduced potential for involvement in violent activities. * Increasing interest from corporations to sponsor and support these types of community activities when they receive attribution for this involvement. Market Analysis (Trends) 2. 2. 3 Market Growth The program has experienced an average annual participation growth rate of 6% for the past five years. This is indicative of the growing needs of the market we serve. Based on school attendance projections, we expect to experience increased participation growth between 9% and 11% annually over the next three years. The most dramatic growth is expected in the soccer programs, which have an equal mix of boys and girls, with relatively static participation expected in most other sports. These trends are monitored, and to the degree possible, used to help predict future program demands. Market Analysis (C. A. G. R) 2. 3 The Company All4Sports is a tax-exempt, not-for-profit organization dedicated to presenting sports opportunities that are an integral part of each participant's learning experience. This is done with the belief that every child should be able to participate in the program of his or her choice regardless of race, religion, creed, gender, ability, or financial status. This spirit is fostered in an environment where everyone has a chance to play and learn, regardless of skill. All4Sports' long-term goal is to give its participants positive life-long memories of their youth sports experience. . 3. 1 Mission All4Sports is dedicated to providing all youth with the highest quality education and team experience through sports participation. Participants are treated with respect through the opportunity to experience growth in the areas of interacting with others, teamwork, sportsmanship, fair play, and skill development. The goal is to create a positive environment that fosters improved self-confidence a nd self-esteem through experiences in sports activities. 2. 3. 2 Service Offering The â€Å"All4Sports experience† is designed to offer the following to each participant:. Recreation through participation in organized team sports. * The opportunity to learn and experience a variety of sports. * A means to improve athletic skills. * A means to learn teamwork, sportsmanship, and fair play. * A source of fun and enjoyment to enrich their lives. * An opportunity to enhance their health and fitness. The parents and guardians of the participants also realize benefits. They are able to offer their children a positive, well-supervised experience as they learn the skills described above that does not necessarily require their time. 2. 3. 3 Positioning All4Sports offers a unique experience for children that want to to have an enjoyable sports experience. All youth between the ages of 5 and 18 can participate in one or more sports throughout the year. Their participation is not dependent upon their previous experience, skill level, or athletic ability. Everyone can play. The breadth, depth and overall quality of the sports experience we offer cannot be matched within our market. We work with parents and guardians to add to their child's sports experiences. All4Sports exists to create a cherished childhood memory for each participant. . 3. 4 SWOT Summary The following outlines the most significant strengths and weaknesses internal to All4Sports, and the opportunities and threats that exist in our environment. Our objective is to leverage our strengths to take advantage of the opportunities our market presents, develop those areas that are weaknesses, and devise contingency plans to address threats if those should become a reality. 2. 3. 4. 1 Strengths The following outlines key strengths of the organization: Program Reputation – All4Sports is considered to be the premier choice for youth sports related experiences. There is now a generation of participants that send their children to participate in the program. Donor Base – We have developed a stable and loyal donor base from both private and corporate sources. Facilities Relationships – We depend on access to athletic facilities including gyms, soccer fields, football fields, softball and baseball fields. Close relationships and reciprocal maintenance agreements with public and private schools and church facilities are an invaluable asset to the organization. The Internet – Our website, www. all4sports. om, promises to be a significant technological solution for All4Sports in the area of registration, communication, and information delivery. The website has demonstrated the ability to provide more extensive and current information at reduced costs. We can reduce the need for printed materials, voice mail communication equipment, and staff payroll time. It has also allowed us to reallocate volunteer hours to better serve ou r program. 2. 3. 4. 2 Weaknesses Capital Requirements – All4Sports continues to make impressive improvements in the management of financial resources. Additional funds are needed to maintain the quality of the experiences offered and meet future program demands. The Fundraising Foundation's strategy is to provide significant financial resources for All4Sports. The future depends on these resources in addition to revenues from participants and traditional fundraising events. Facilities – Our need for facilities is growing beyond what is now available. This is one of the most urgent challenges facing All4Sports. This essential component is threatened from several aspects. Increasing program needs, combined with recent restrictions and fees for the use of public school facilities, is an issue. Indoor facilities are virtually at capacity for basketball and volleyball games and tournaments. They are insufficient to support flexible and convenient practice schedules. Outdoor facilities are adequate, but the increasing demands of soccer presents concerns in this area as well. New and innovative alternatives must be explored and implemented to provide additional facilities to support the demands of the program. One alternative is to form â€Å"alliances† with public facilities to take on the management and maintenance of these facilities in exchange for scheduled use. Other potential options may include establishing relationships with private schools, churches and other institutions with available gym space. For example, successful experiences have occurred where All4Sports has taken the lead in the development and maintenance of outdoor fields on property owned by other not-for-profit organizations. Training and Education for Coaches and Officials – Individuals often have their first coaching experience with All4Sports. This presents the need to adequately train these individuals to enable them to better understand All4Sports' philosophy, their responsibilities, potential liability issues, and appropriate behavior with participants. A more positive experience for participants, coaches and officials with an increased awareness of responsibilities are some of the goals. The resource demands of this training effort are tremendous. Staff Challenges and Attrition – The All4Sports' staff experiences tremendous pressure due to workloads, dealing with parents, and addressing the issues of the program. These factors, combined with concerns regarding compensation, have resulted in undesirable turnover in important positions. 2. 3. 4. 3 Opportunities All4Sports competes for resources in a community with a high number of not-for-profit organizations per capita. Numerous organizations target personal and corporate dollars to augment other revenue sources. Based on this challenge, All4Sports must continue to demonstrate that it successfully offers a meaningful experience to participants, with short and long-term benefits, in a manner that effectively meets community needs. The following summarizes potential opportunities: Geographic Serving Area Issues – All4Sports continues to be a precedent-setting organization that attracts attention from surrounding communities. Decisions regarding the serving area will impact financial requirements and potentially open new revenue opportunities. This growth strategy must be managed and orchestrated in a manner that will add strength to the program. Soccer Interest – Soccer is the single fastest growing sport in terms of participation. With some participation trade-offs with boy's football, this increasing interest in soccer is the most predominant reason for program growth and has added a more even balance to gender participation. There is an increasing demand for indoor soccer programs. Program Expansion – Program expansion also requires consideration and evaluation. This may include adding sports to the current venue or looking at offering these sports to older age groups, potentially including adult sports programs. Community Education – All4Sports must continue to tell its story to the community it serves. This message is one that reinforces the philosophy and the purpose for its existence. A well-informed community may effectively ensure public facilities are available for use based on reasonable expectations placed on All4Sports. 2. 3. 4. 4 Threats The major challenges All4Sports currently face include the following:. Property Tax Changes – The impact of property tax modifications on the public school systems, their support of sports programs, and their willingness to provide their facilities for use by All4Sports has not been determined. The precise ramifications of this measure may not be known for months, but all potential outcomes must be considered as plans are made for the coming year. Alternative Programs – The increasing impact from other programs, ranging from organization-sponsored to club sports, poses a threat to a segment of All4Sports' market. These organizations target the highly skilled and committed players and coaches and are eroding the depth and breadth of All4Sports' participant and coach resources. Legal and Liability Issues – All4Sports continues to be exposed to liability issues in many aspects of the experience it provides. The potential concerns range from health and safety issues to various forms of verbal or physical abuse. In an increasingly litigious society, there is always potential for legal action. The â€Å"Elite/Advanced† Sports Dilemma – Providing competitive environments for athletes with higher skill levels who seek to be in an intentionally competitive arena is in question. The threat of not offering this option is that these athletes may be drawn away from All4Sports by alternative programs. Some of the most highly trained and experienced coaches can also be attracted to these other programs. This issue challenges some of All4Sports' most basic philosophies. 2. 4 Competition A number of other programs offer youth sports experiences. None of these programs offers the extensive range of experiences or infrastructure of All4Sports. Some programs do, however, offer specific attributes some participants and parents find attractive. This is particularly true for those who seek a higher level of competition and competitive screening of participants. 2. 4. 1 Direct Competition Direct competitors to All4Sports include: * Babe Ruth Baseball/American Legion Baseball Southern Oregon Volleyball * Rogue Valley Athletic Club Volleyball * AAU Basketball * YMCA Basketball * ASA Softball * Oregon Youth Soccer * AYSO Soccer * National Gymnastics Academy Other programs are also available through schools and other organizations. Although some variables are now in place, there are questions regarding the future of indoor soccer organizations. All4Sports possesses a commanding percentage of the total market share. This is based on the estimated number of participants compared to participation levels in other programs, both public and private. This share percentage drops in high school due to increased competition from other organizations as well as in-school programs offered through the public school system. Growth and Share Analysis Growth and Share| | | | | Competitor| Price| Growth Rate| Market Share| All4Sports| $85| 7%| 75%| Babe Ruth Baseball| $120| 3%| 2%| So. Oregon Volleyball| $150| 5%| 3%| AAU Basketball| $90| 4%| 5%| ASA Softball| $95| 2%| 5%| Oregon Youth Soccer| $110| 22%| 4%| AYSO Soccer| $105| 22%| 5%| | | | | Average| $107. 86| 9. 29%| 14. 14%| Total| $755. 00| 65. 00%| 99. 00%| Competitive Analysis Competitive Analysis| | | | | | | | #1| #2| #3| #4| #5| #6| Competitor| Babe Ruth Baseball| So. Ore. Volleyball| AAU Basketball| ASA Softball| Or. Youth Soccer| AYSO Soccer| | | | | | | | Product and/or Service| Babe Ruth Baseball| So. Ore. Volleyball| AAU Basketball| ASA Softball| Or. Youth Soccer| AYSO Soccer| Quality| 6| 7| 6| 5| 8| 8| Selection| 3| 3| 3| 3| 3| 3| Price| 7| 2| 7| 6| 8| 7| Scheduling| 6| 3| 8 | 9| 7| 6| | | | | | | | Location and Physical Appearance| Babe Ruth Baseball| So. Ore. Volleyball| AAU Basketball| ASA Softball| Or. Youth Soccer| AYSO Soccer| Facilities| 8| 4| 5| 6| 8| 4| Equipment| 4| 4| 6| 7| 5| 6| Coaching| 8| 5| 5| 9| 4| 5| Convenience Factors| 6| 6| 7| 8| 2| 8| Other| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| | | | | | | | Added Value Factors| Babe Ruth Baseball| So. Ore. Volleyball| AAU Basketball| ASA Softball| Or. Youth Soccer| AYSO Soccer| Parent/Guardian Communication| 2| 5| 5| 8| 5| 6| Experience| 4| 7| 7| 6| 3| 8| Expertise| 5| 6| 5| 6| 3| 9| Reputation| 6| 8| 7| 9| 5| 9| Image| 6| 6| 6| 9| 6| 6| Stability| 3| 5| 5| 6| 5| 6| Strategic Alliances| 2| 2| 2| 6| 8| 5| Other| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| | | | | | | | Other Marketing Activities| Babe Ruth Baseball| So. Ore. Volleyball| AAU Basketball| ASA Softball| Or. Youth Soccer| AYSO Soccer| Communications| 5| 5| 5| 5| 5| 5| Scholarships| 2| 8| 5| 4| 4| 6| Promotion| 2| 8| 2| 5| 4| 6| Facilitiy Relationships| 9| 5| 6| 9| 9| 5| Loyalty Components| 5| 5| 6| 8| 9| 9| Other| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Total| 99| 104| 108| 134| 111| 127| Competitor by Growth and Share 2. 4. 2 Indirect Competition In a broad sense, All4Sports competes with all other after-school and extracurricular programs that do not involve sports. School theater programs and local arts programs compete for attendance to their programs and funding from parents and other organizations. While All4Sports does not predict a change in popularity of sports and the percentage of students who participate in sports programs in comparison to arts programs, it is a possibility in the future that trends could favor these alternative programs. All4Sports continues to compete with these programs by offering a fun and fulfilling sports experience for everyone involved. Marketing Strategy 3. 0 Marketing Strategy All4Sports strives to be the premier provider of sports experiences for children in the areas served. Programs are in place to simultaneously serve the needs of out-of-district participants in a manner that is positive for these participants and enhances revenue streams for All4Sports with minimal additional costs. The marketing strategy attempts to successfully communicate the unique value the program offers participants. This strategy redirects the focus from the â€Å"cost† issue to the benefits that participants and their guardians experience from involvement in the program. The marketing strategy will continue to identify the needs of the market and communicate with this audience in the most effective and positive manner possible. Ongoing efforts continually attempt to understand how All4Sports can maintain the quality and integrity of the program within the finite financial resources of participants and the community of donors and supporters. This challenge is increasing. As costs continue to increase in a number of areas, the demands and expectations of the participants and their parents do as well. All4Sports is constantly working to improve the program through improvements and changes in its structure and implementation. Quality and efficiency are just two goals of these changes. The growth strategy is based on continued attention to the quality of the experience in conjunction with identifying opportunities to expand the participation of the programs where possible. Recent changes in key areas, such as the facilities used for events, present ominous challenges for all aspects of the program. 3. 1 Value Proposition All4Sports does much more than simply provide access to sports for children, it provides the significant benefits that are associated with children's involvement in sports programs. These benefits include reducing the likelihood of children becoming involved in drugs, crime and other illicit behavior. Research indicates the economic, social and personal value of â€Å"investing† in the lives of children in a positive and constructive manner avoids the social and penal system costs that may later result. To meet this need, All4Sports offers an experience that serves as a personal â€Å"sports reference† for participants throughout their lives. These important benefits continue to validate the All4Sports concept. 3. 2 Critical Issues Our strengths are impressive. Our weaknesses are identified and have potential solutions. All4Sports could be described as in a â€Å"speculative† situation. We are presented with numerous opportunities and also have threats that present a level of risk. However, we have a chance to experience large returns on our efforts if we can continue to capture the largest market share and are not negatively impacted by the alternative programs in our market. We are well positioned in the market. We have the ability to continue to offer the greatest value and we take advantage of our economies of scale. The critical issues include the following: * Continuing to offer programs that are perceived to be positive, enriching, and affordable compared to the alternatives in our area. Attract participants on a return basis throughout their kindergarten through their high-school years. * Be perceived by public, private, and home schooling providers as a valuable resource that complements the academic experiences they offer. 3. 3 Financial Objectives 1. Raise a minimum of $575,000 through non-participation fees from sources including donations, contributions , special events, gifts-in-kind, and grants. 2. Increase corporate donations and contributions to exceed 12% of the total revenues. 3. Accomplish our program goals within the allocated budget of $1,510,000. 3. Marketing Objectives The objective is to provide this valuable experience to as many children as possible in a positive and supportive manner. A positive, constructive and meaningful experience is the sought-after result of the All4Sports experience. This experience may assist individuals to better understand the necessary skills that life demands and empower them to realize the choices and options available to them. 1. Provide a positive experience to 27,500 youth through the current academic year and enable their parent/guardian to appreciate the value of this experience for their child. 2. Accomplish our program goals within the allocated budget of $1,510,000. 3. Expand the program to two new schools within our serving area by August, prior to the next academic year. 3. 5 Target Market Strategy The target market for All4Sports continues to be youth between the ages of 5 and 18 who have some interest in participating in competitive sports. This may be their first organized sports experience, and All4Sports strives to make it the most positive and successful experience possible. Another area of the target market focuses on addressing the growing interest and demands for outdoor and indoor soccer. . 6 Messaging The core message of All4Sports is one of value: All4Sports teaches children and families the value of physical fitness, sportsmanship, practice, and teamwork through sports and activities. All4Sports fine-tunes its message depending on the target market while keeping the core message intact. 3. 6. 1 Branding The All4Sports brand communicates our complete commitment to sports and to the children and families that are served by the organization. The brand embodies the values that we believe sports participation instills in children and also communicates to sponsors our communicates to supporting hose values in the community. The All4Sports brand is included on banners at all of our sporting events and on uniforms. This branding is used to remind parents and others at sporting events that the events are funded by All4Sports and that All4Sports is the predominant source for youth sports in the region. Target Market Messaging Target Market Messaging| | | Market Segments| Messaging| Public School Students| More options, more possibilities, more resources| Private School Students| Get out and play! | Home School Students| New friends, new opportunities| 3. 7 Strategy Pyramids All4Sports focuses on achieving success in these four basic areas with the resources available to our program: * Equal opportunity to participate, regardless of skill level. * A wholesome, positive, safe, and value-oriented atmosphere in which participants learn teamwork, sportsmanship and interactive skills. * An acceptable outlet for youthful energy. * A broad variety of sports experiences to further develop self-esteem and personal confidence. STRATEGY #1 Program Expansion Tactic #1-A School expansion * Program 1-A New school campaign * Program 1-B Jacksonville campaign Tactic #1-B â€Å"All4Soccer† * Program 2-A School presentations Program 2-B Free soccer clinics * Program 2-C Participation in high school regional soccer play-offs * Program 2-D Special needs scholarship program STRATEGY #2 Fundraising Tactic #2-A Corporate donor base * Program 1-A â€Å"Taking Care of Donors† Committee * Program 1-B Corporate contact program Tactic #2-B Special Events * Program 2-A Taste of Medford to add Spring event * Program 2-B Grant application program focus Marketing Mix 4. 0 Marketing Mix While All4Sports is a non-profit organization, we must continue to devote a portion of our budget to promotion to continue to ensure broad participation in the sporting programs that we offer. Strong participation ensures that All4Sports can create leagues in every sport so that good and varied competition can be offered. Strong participation also means that All4Sports can offer sporting programs to all skill levels across a broad spectrum of programs, ensuring that anyone who wants to participate can participate. The All4Sports marketing mix consists of a pricing strategy that fosters participation while adequately funding operations and a promotion strategy that ensures continued participation in our programs. 4. 1 Pricing All4Sports strives to minimize costs for all participants to ensure that everyone who wants to participate in sporting programs has an opportunity to do so. 4. 2 Promotion All4Sports' promotion strategy is a three-pronged approach of advertising, public relations and direct marketing. Because All4Sports has a limited marketing budget, All4Sports will take a more grass-routes approach and leverage PR and volunteers to assist with marketing to our target audiences. 4. 2. 1 Advertising All4Sports does not have a large advertising budget and will not be advertising in the TV or radio media. Instead, All4Sports will focus on more highly-targeted campaigns to reach students and parents where they are most: school. All4Sports will print flyers and brochures to be left at all area schools and will also provide them to school Physical Education instructors so that the brochures can be passed on to students. In addition, All4Sports will schedule demonstrations at area schools in cooperation with PE teachers to expose students to sports that they might not have seen before, such as lacrosse. Additional brand awareness and advertising will come in the form of banners at All4Sports' sporting events and logos on our team uniforms. This will ensure that any parents or students watching the events will know where to go to participate. Finally, All4Sports will run limited newspaper campaigns during the sign-up periods at the beginning of each sporting season to attract new participants. Advertising Milestones Milestones| | | | | | | Advertising| Start Date| End Date| Budget| Manager| Department| Brochure Design| 1/4/2006| 1/15/2006| $200| Eric| Design| Newspaper Ad Design| 1/15/2006| 1/30/2006| $200| Eric| Design| Printing| 9/5/2006| 12/1/2006| $2,500| Eric| Design| Newspaper Ad – Spring| 3/1/2006| 3/30/2006| $800| Cindy| Staff| Newspaper Ad – Summer| 5/1/2006| 5/30/2006| $800| Cindy| Staff| Newspaper Ad – Fall| 8/1/2006| 8/30/2006| $800| Cindy| Staff| Other| 12/1/2006| 12/1/2006| $0| N/A| N/A| Total Advertising Budget| | | $5,300| | | 4. 2. 2 Public Relations Leveraging local public relations resources is key to All4Sports' promotion strategy. All4Sports will alert local TV networks and newspapers to championship games and all-star athletes in the programs in the hopes of generating local coverage and student profiles. In addition, press releases will be issued announcing new programs and exceptional achievements by local athletes involved in All4Sports programs. PR Milestones Milestones| | | | | | | PR| Start Date| End Date| Budget| Manager| Department| New Programs Press Release| 3/15/2006| 1/15/2006| $80| Jan| Marketing| Winter Season Highlights Pitch| 3/1/2006| 3/30/2006| $0| Jan| Marketing| Other| 1/1/2006| 1/15/2006| $0| ABC| Department| Total PR Budget| | | $80| | | 4. 2. 3 Direct Marketing As new families move to the area, it is important that All4Sports establish contact so that parents and students are aware of the offerings available. To reach these families, All4Sports will use a direct marketing strategy of leaving leaflets and flyers in mailboxes and recruit volunteers to call families to describe the programs offered. Direct Marketing Milestones Milestones| | | | | | Direct Marketing| Start Date| End Date| Budget| Department| New Family Contact Program| 1/1/2006| 9/30/2006| $0| Marketing| Other| 1/1/2006| 1/15/2006| $0| Department| Total Direct Marketing Budget| | | $0| | 4. 3 Web Plan The All4Sports website will be an information hub and reduce the logistics required to sign-up students for programs during each season. While the investment to get the site up and running will be significant from a time perspective, it will pay off by reducing the number of phone calls to the All4Sports administrative office and it will reduce overall administrative costs by automating portions of the sign-up process. 4. 3. 1 Website Goals The All4Sports website has two goals: 1. To serve as an information hub for participants in the various programs. The site will be used to communicate practice times, game times and locations, and scores and other highlights from games. In addition, site users will be able to sign up for the All4Sports email newsletter to receive weekly updates of scores, program updates and general All4Sports announcements. 2. To reduce administrative costs by automating portions of the program sign-up process. The All4Sports web site will allow students and parents to sign-up for various programs. By collecting this information electronically, All4Sports will reduce the amount of double-data-entry and facilitate the process of managing a large number of applications. 4. 3. 2 Website Marketing Strategy All4Sports will communicate the existance of the web site in all printed material and on the automated phone system at the All4Sports office. 4. 3. 3 Development Requirements The All4Sports web site will be custom designed and developed to manage the unique needs of the organization. Some development time will be donated from a local web site design and development company in exchange for some marketing on the web site itself. Web development will be in two phases that correspond with the website goals: 1. Basic communication platform. This phase of web development will build the informational portion of the web site that will allow for easy posting of team schedules and game results. 2. Application submission platform. This second phase will develop the database and submission process that will allow participants to join sporting programs online and allow for the program coordinators to access those applications and process them. 4. 4 Implementation Schedule The following chart and table identify the key marketing programs. Dates and budgets are specified, and the â€Å"Chairpeople† are informed of the programs. We will track plan-vs. actual results for each of these programs and evaluate them at our quarterly Board of Directors meetings. If necessary, the programs will be revised if we discover they are not accomplishing the intended goal. Milestones | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4. 5 Funding Plan Outside funding is critical to All4Sports' future success. All4Sports will focus on corporate sponsors, local fundraising with parents, and government grants. All4Sports aims to raise 30% of funding from corporate sponsors, 30% from grants, and 40% from individuals in the community. 4. 5. 1 Funding Strategy Corporate fundraising and grant writing will be handled by All4Sports staff internally. All4Sports will target corporate sponsors and offer them individual sport sponsorship that could involve anything from purchasing uniforms and equipment to cash sponsorship for more general use within the All4Sports organization. Fundraising from individuals will be coordinated by internal stuff, but will rely heavily on volunteers to run fundraising events. Fundraising events will include standards such as bake sales and car washes. All4Sports will also directly solicit additional donations from parents in addition to basic membership fees. 4. 5. 2 Funding Process Corporate funding and grant writing meetings will occur once a month to review status, possible funding in the pipeline, and status of grant applications. Potential funding sources will be identified using the local chamber of commerce directory. We will contact them directly to seek sponsorship and will present to them the branding opportunities as well as the benefits that All4Sports provides to the community. Follow up calls will be scheduled 1 week and again 1 month after the initial meetings. Internally, we will schedule regular fund raising events for the community. These will usually occur at the beginning of each sports season and special events will be held to raise money for individual trips and events. Funding Account Plan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Funding Pipeline | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Financials 5. 0 Financials All4Sports is committed to balancing its operating budget and operating on a solid financial foundation. These efforts are based on a mixture of fundraising, charitable gifting, tournaments, and fees. Just as revenues are tracked, internal expenses are closely monitored. The goal of All4Sports is to continue to provide a quality youth sports experience at an affordable cost. This is a tremendous challenge, due to the size of the program, unpredictable costs in areas such as facilities, and uncertainties in participant revenues. All4Sports is intentionally emphasizing the need to reduce reliance on fee-based revenues and look toward contributions from other sources, particularly businesses, to support the program. This approach will enable the program to realize the objective of keeping fees affordable while continuing to offer a quality program for all participants. All4Sports has an independent auditor's report conducted annually that includes financial statements and additional information. The following information is based on the prior two Independent Auditor's Reports. The following summarizes key facts regarding the financial status of All4Sports and its results from last year: * Revenues last year totaled $1,732,658. * A total of 65% of those revenues are from Participation Fees, Donations and Contributions, Special Events, and Gifts-in-Kind. * – Supervision Grants account for a combined 34%. * Expenses for last year were $366 over revenues. * â€Å"People-related† expenditures represent 47% of expenditures. * Non-program operations account for 9% of the total expenditures. . 1 Break-even Analysis Our break-even analysis is based on the ongoing overhead costs we incur to keep the doors of All4Sports open. Fixed costs including the building lease, payroll, utilities, and marketing costs are an estimated $10,250. This number level is due to our dependence on volunteers to run our program. Our assumptions on the average unit revenue are based on the aver age participant fee. The result of this analysis offers general insight regarding the number of average participants we must have involved in the program each month. Break-even Analysis . 2 Funding Forecast Monthly revenues for this calendar year will fluctuate based on the seasonality of the sports offered and the projected level of participation in each sport. The forecasted revenues range from a dramatic low of $16,535 in September as schools are getting started, to a high of $115,360 in November with the Fall Soccer, Tackle Football, and Volleyball seasons overlapping. Donor Drive – The Donor Drive effort depends on the commitment of key volunteers to raise funds through corporate and individual contributors throughout the area. This includes leveraging the resources of corporate sponsors and initiating an Adopt-A-School Scholarship Fund Sponsors program where businesses are partnered with specific schools. Sponsors and Donors are recognized in numerous ways for the valuable role they play in the organization. A Taste of Medford – All4Sports has created a culinary tradition with the fundraising event â€Å"A Taste of Medford. † Restaurants from throughout the area come together to offer a taste of their menu, and businesses and individuals pay admission to sample their cuisine throughout the evening. Since its inception, this highly publicized event has become an annual highlight and a financial success for more than a decade. This is due to continued public appeal, corporate sponsorships, and experienced volunteer leadership. Value Checks – Since 1993, All4Sports T-ball, baseball, and softball participants have sold these sought-after coupon books. The relationship with and support of numerous businesses throughout the area also provide an effective promotional medium for marketing efforts. Grants – All4Sports continues to identify grants on a national and local basis that complement the goals and efforts of the program. Grant sources have included the U. S. Department of Housing & Urban Development, Recreational Activities Valuing Education and Sports (RAVES), and the Willard Family Foundation. Work continues to expand the impact of the All4Sports Foundation. The recent adoption of by-laws further recognizes and empowers this entity. The Foundation will establish relationships with key individuals and organizations that desire to provide significant financial support to All4Sports on an ongoing basis. The long-term objective is to provide financial stability to support program quality and expansion and reduce dependence on program fees. Costs associated with facilities are just one example of the need for these resources in addition to the other revenue sources for the program. 5. 2. 1 Funding by Participant Fees The following summarizes the projected revenue from participant fees on a monthly basis for the upcoming year. Note the variance based on sports season and overlapping sports. Funding Breakdown by Participant Fees Monthly 5. 2. 2 Funding by Fundraising Events Our fundraising events are a critical component to our revenue base, particularly in relation to the â€Å"Taste of Oregon† and â€Å"Value checks† efforts. Funding Breakdown by Fundraising Events Monthly . 2. 3 Funding by Donations Donations from private and corporate sources are one of the most stable and predictable sources of income. Our objective is to increase corporate contributions. Gifts-in-kind offset program costs, such as when sports equipment is donated, and goods are also supplied for the various auction events held. Funding Breakdown by Donations Monthly 5. 3 Expense Forecast Our expense budget is based on maximizing the return from our marketing and promotion efforts. We must closely monitor this return to determine what events are generating the most revenue based on the actual dollar investment. Another resource we consider is the number of volunteer hours required, based on a â€Å"ceiling† of hours, that we have access to each year from our volunteer base. 5. 3. 1 Expense by Program Program expenses are contained due to volunteer hours. It is clear that All4Sports is a volunteer-driven organization. The work of volunteers is an integral part of All4Sports. For example, last year's programs consisted of 2,045 teams with an estimated 4,230 head and assistant coaches volunteering an estimated 300,000 hours. Based on a recent study by Anderson Research, All4Sports enjoys a positive perception among the coaches involved in the rogram. The number of teams and coaches is greater for next year and the perceptions are anticipated to be as positive. All4Sports could not survive without this invaluable and committed resource. Annual recognition programs, awards, and events are designed to acknowledge the irreplaceable roles these volunteers play. Expense Breakdown by Program M onthly 5. 3. 2 Expense by Administrative Administrative expenses are based on supporting our staff, along with temporary employees that are brought on to meet seasonal demands. Expense Breakdown by Administrative Monthly 5. 3. 3 Expense by Fundraising Fundraising expenses relate to costs incurred to identify, communicate, and receive donations from private and corporate donors. Expense Breakdown by Fundraising Monthly 5. 4 Contribution Margin Based on past performance, our fundraising efforts are realistic. We enjoyed a $20,000 surplus last year and hope to have a similar experience in the year ahead. The challenges will be to develop greater revenue streams from corporate sponsors and to become proportionately less dependent on participation fees. This is expected to offer a more stable source of revenue for the future and reduce the efforts to secure these funds. We expect our special-event fundraising activities and individual contributions to remain relatively constant as a percent of total revenues. The involvement of the Board of Directors and the formation of the foundation committee will be critical to our success in this area. Controls 6. 0 Controls The purpose of the All4Sports marketing plan is to serve as a guide to the staff, the Board of Directors, and the volunteers to continue to improve the organization and its ability to serve the youth of Jackson County. We must take action to accomplish our goals. Failing to implement even one of the programs could be devastating to our success. . 1 Implementation All4Sports will have weekly Milestones Meetings to review current milestone status, funding status, and status of the actual programs. For All4Sports, it's critical that there is a consistent focus on implementation in order to not only maintain strong programs, but to maintain strong relationships with funding sources. The followi ng Funding Source Lifetime Value table shows the long-term value of our average corporate funding sources which is testament to the need for focus on implementation of both funding milestones and program quality. . 2 Keys to Success * Expand into new areas within Jackson County that desire access to All4Sports activities. * Leverage the growth offered by the increasing interest in soccer in the Fall and Spring programs. * Identify additional facilities to support future growth and offer greater flexibility in scheduling. * Continue to develop the donor base and corporate contributions that add to the financial resources of the participant fees. 6. 3 Contingency Planning The following lists, in order of probability beginning with the highest potential for change that will impact this marketing plan, the future of All4Sports: * Major philosophy shift regarding the use of public and/or private school facilities. * The rapid growth of one of the alternative programs that significantly reduces our market share and our ability to operate one or more of our programs. * Legal action due to injury or negligence that causes severe financial damage to the organization. 6. 4 Market Research All4Sports will continue to monitor public school funding and private school ttendance to determine how to refocus promotion activities if necessary. From a funding perspective, All4Sports will monitor government grant availability and apply for new grants as they become available. 6. 5 CRM Plans In the case of All4Sports, there are two primary customers: program participants and funding sources. It is important to have a good CRM system in place to track these two groups. A ll4Sports will use the CRM system to track continued participation in programs and to contact students whose participation changes. For funding sources, the CRM system will be used to track the stages of donors in the funding process and ensure that donors are contacted on a regular basis and kept up-to-date with All4Sports programs. 6. 6 Marketing Organization All4Sports fundraising is run by Doug Johnston. Doug has 15 years of fundraising experience for nonprofit groups and has written numerous successful grants. Doug has two staff assistants who help manage the fundraising process. Marketing and promotion is run by June Gibbons. June is responsible for maintaining participation in All4Sports' programs and promoting the programs to new students and families.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent

Sculpture in the Indian subcontinent From Wisped, the free encyclopedia Part of a series on the Culture of India History People Languages Mythology and folklore[show] Cuisine Festivals Religion Art[show] Literature[show] Music and performing arts[show] Media[show] Sport Monuments[show] Symbols[show] Culture portal India portal Bronze Vishnu Gain figure of Thirthankarasuparshvanath, 14th century, marble One of the first representations of the Buddha, 1st-2nd century CE, Kandahar The first known sculpture in the Indian subcontinent is from the Indus Valley civilization (3300-1700 SC), found in sites at Enjoy-dare and Harp in modern- ay Pakistan. These include the famous small bronze female dancer.However such figures in bronze and stone are rare and greatly outnumbered by pottery figurines and stone seals, often of animals or deities very finely depicted. After the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization there is little record of sculpture until the Buddhist era, apart from a hoard o f copper figures of (somewhat controversially) c. 1500 BCC from Diamond. [l] Thus the great tradition of Indian monumental sculpture in stone appears to begin relatively late, with the reign of Soak from 270 to 232 BCC, and he Pillars of Shook he erected around India, carrying his edicts and topped by famous sculptures of animals, mostly lions, of which six survive. 2] Large amounts of figurative sculpture, mostly in relief, survive from Early Buddhist pilgrimage status, above all Ashcan; these probably developed out of a tradition using wood that also embraced Hinduism. [3] During the 2nd to 1st century BCC in far northern India, in the Greece-Buddhist art of Kandahar from what is now southern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan, sculptures became more explicit, representing episodes of the Buddha life and teachings. Although India had a long sculptural tradition and a mastery of rich iconography, the Buddha was never represented in human form before this time, but only through some of his symbols. This may be because Ghanaian Buddhist sculpture in modern Afghanistan displays Greek and Persian artistic influence.Artistically, the Ghanaian school of sculpture is said to have contributed wax. Y hair, drapery covering both shoulders, shoes and sandals, acanthus leaf decorations, etc. The pink sandstone Hindu, Gain and Buddhist sculptures of Mature from the 1st to 3rd centuries CE fleeted both native Indian traditions and the Western influences received through the Greece-Buddhist art of Kandahar, and effectively established the basis for subsequent Indian religious sculpture. [4] The style was developed and diffused through most of India under the Guppy Empire (c. Which remains a â€Å"classical† period for Indian sculpture, covering the earlier Lealer Caves,[5] though the Elephant Caves are probably slightly later. 6] Later large scale sculpture remains almost exclusively religious, and generally rather conservative, often reverting to simple frontal stand ing poses for deities, though the attendant spirits such as papayas and yaks often have sensuously curving poses. Carving is often highly detailed, with an intricate backing behind the main figure in high relief. The celebrated bronzes of the Chula dynasty (c. 850-1250) Portsmouth India, many designed to be carried in processions, include the iconic form of Shiva as Natural, [7] with the massive granite carvings of Manipulator dating from the previous Papilla dynasty. [8] The â€Å"dancing girl of Enjoy Dare†, 3rd millennium BCC (replica) Shook Pillar, Visalia, Briar, c. 50 BCC Stump gateway at Ashcan, c. 100 CE or perhaps earlier, with densely packed relief Hindu Guppy terracotta relief, 5th century CE, of Krishna Killing the Horse Demon Skies Buddha from Saran's, 5-6th century CE Hindu, Chula period, 1000 Marble Sculpture of female yaks in typical curving pose, c. 1450, Restaurants The Colossal tritium at the Elephant Caves Typical medieval frontal standing statue falloffs, 950-1150 In Khartoum Rock-cut temples at Lealer Copular of the Tail Natural Temple, Catamaran, Tamil Undue, densely packed with rows of painted statues Contents [hide] 1 Greece-Buddhist art 2 See also 3 Gallery 4 Notes 5 References 6 Further readingGreece-Buddhist art[edit source I editable] Greece-Buddhist art is the artistic manifestation of Greece-Buddhism, a cultural synthetics between the Classical Greek culture and Buddhism, which developed over a period of close to 1000 years in Central Asia, between the conquests of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BCC, and the Islamic conquests of the 7th century CE. Greece-Buddhist art is characterized by the strong idealistic realism of Hellenic art and the first representations of the Buddha in human form, which have helped define the artistic (and particularly, sculptural) canon for Buddhist art throughout the Asian continent up to the present. Though dating is uncertain, it appears that strongly Hellenic styles lingered in the E ast for several centuries after they had declined around the Mediterranean, as late as the 5th century CE.Some aspects of Greek art were adopted while others did not spread beyond the Greece- Buddhist area; in particular the standing figure, often with a relaxed pose and one leg flexed, and the flying cupids or victories, who became popular across Asia as papayas. Greek foliage decoration was also influential, with Indian versions of the Corinthian capital appearing. 9] The origins of Greece-Buddhist art are to be found in the Hellenic Greece-Bacteria kingdom (250 BCC – 130 BCC), located in today's Afghanistan, from which Hellenic culture radiated into the Indian subcontinent with the establishment of the small Indo-Greek kingdom (180 BCC-II BCC).Under the Indo-Greeks and then the Khans, the interaction of Greek and Buddhist culture flourished in the area of Kandahar, in today's northern Pakistan, before spreading further into India, influencing the art of Mature, and then th e Hindu art of the Guppy empire, which was to extend to the rest of South-East Asia. The influence of Greece-Buddhist art also spread northward towards Central Asia, strongly affecting the art of the Atari Basin and the Dunging Caves, and ultimately the sculpted figure in China, Korea, and Japan. [10] Kandahar frieze with devotees, hallucinating leaves, in purely Hellenic style, inside Corinthian columns, 1st-2nd century CE. Bunker, Swat, Pakistan. Victoria and Albert Museum Fragment of the wind god Borers, Haddam,Afghanistan.Coin of Demerits I of Bacteria, who reigned circa 200-180 BC and invaded Northern India Buddha head from Haddam, Afghanistan, 3rd-4th centuries Kandahar Poseidon (Ancient Orient Museum) The Buddhist gods Pancake (left) and Harriet(right), 3rd century, Kandahar Taller Buddha of Banyan, c. 547 AD. , in 1963 and in 2008 after they were dynamited and destroyed in March 2001 by the Taliban Statue from a Buddhist monastery 700 AD,Afghanistan See also[edit source I ed itable] Sculptures of Bangladesh Gallery[edit source I editable] Marble stone work, Jailers Gain Temple,Restaurants Seated Changes, sandstone sculpture from Restaurants, India, 9th century, Honolulu Academy of Arts yellow sandstone Sculpture of a Standing deity,11 the century CE,RestaurantsAsia and Africa Indian sculpture Buddhist sculpture Fife and Benign Europe Renaissance in Europe Baroque 18th century Africa and Oceania To be completed HISTORY OF SCULPTURE Timeline More Sharing Serviceable Share on backlasher on milkshake on forefathers on print World Cities Discover in a free daily email today's famous history and birthdays Enjoy the Famous Daily Indian sculpture: from the 3rd century BC The lively traditions of Indian sculpture date back to the first Indian empire, that of the Marry dynasty. Sculptors begin to carve characters and scenes from the stories of Indian's three interconnected animism. Religions -Hinduism, Bud deism and to a lesser extent Read more:http://www. Histor ically. Net/world's/Plenipotentiaries. Asp?Paragraphed=tidbits sculpture: 5th – 6th century AD Buddhism moves out of India and into Afghanistan (where the two great rock-carved Buddha of Banyan, from the 6th century, reveal the influence Afghanistan until destroyed by Taliban in 2001). It then continues east along thesis Arrowheads China. Paragraphed=edge#ixzz2c6zKdbCoForms Of Sculptures In India Indian sculptures of numerous sorts have evolved gradually. Since pre-historic era, the sculptures are everyday soaring new dimensions on India. Indian sculptures offer a truly diverse variety. The creation of sculptures aimed at fabrication of an undying piece of art which is long-lasting.As the sculptures of India Journeyed various eras and witnessed various dynasties, there is a vast variety seen among them in terms of styles and materials used. Sculptures of the Indus Valley The story of Indian art and sculpture dates back to the Indus valley civilization of the 2nd and 3rd mille nnium BC. Tiny terra-cotta seals discovered from the valley reveal carvings of appeal leaves, deities and animals. These elemental shapes of stones or seals were enshrined and worshipped by the people of the civilization. Two other objects that were excavated from the ruins of the Indus valley indicate the level of achievement that Indian art had attained in those days. The bust of a priest in limestone and a bronze dancing girl show tremendous sophistication and artistry.In the 1st century AD, the position changed somewhat radically in art and sculpture. The human figure replaced the symbolic representation of Buddha and his teachings. Though Buddha opposed the idea of idol worship, his cult image was established and became essential for acts of worship. The Mature and the Kandahar schools of sculpture imparted human form to Buddha image. To emphasis his divinity, this human form was depicted with features like a halo around the head, the drachma's engraved upon his palms and soles of his feet, and the lion throne representing his royal ancestry. These early stone images of Buddha are awe-inspiring in terms of size and magnificence.The link between dance, drama, literature and art became crucial to aesthetic expressionism in centuries to come. This new era in art and sculpture witnessed a unique fusion, a synthesis embodied in the caves at Junta and Lealer and the temples of central and South India. Located north-east of Bombay, near Arranged, Junta and Lealer are two astonishing series of temples ca centuries. Khartoum out of living rock over the course of fourteen The tranquil town of Khartoum, in the central state of Madhya Pradesh boasts of the best medieval temples in India, known all over the world for their erotic sculptures. These glorious temples are the state's most famous attraction.Amid green lawns and brilliant pink flowers is a complex of temples, glowing with the armor of sandstone and ornamented with the sinuous curves of sculpture unparallele d in their beauty. Out of the 85 temples built originally, only 22 survive today. These temples were created by the Candela rulers in the Indo-Aryan style. Elephant Caves The most profound aspect of the mighty Shiva is in evidence at the Shiva temple in the Elephant caves. Situated near Bombay, these caves present an introduction to some most exquisitely carved temples. One can witness a symphony in stone in praise of Lord Shiva, created by Indian's expert stone carvers of the sixth century.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Free Essays on Private Threating Enviroments

Private Threatening Environments 1 Running head : THE IMPLICATIONS OF THREATENING EVIRONMENTS ON INTELLECTUAL PROCESSING Do High-Achieving Female Students Underperforming in Private? The Implications of Threating Environments on Intellectual Processing Alcorn State University Private Threatening Environments 2 Ben-Zeev, T & Inzlicht, M. (2003). Do High-Achieving Female Students Underperforming in Private The Implications of Threatening Eviornments on Intellectual Processing. Journal of Educational Psychology Summary of Article Education statiatics show that a very small amount of women are in the field of math and science. Although women represent over half of the student body, they are a small percentage that graduate in math and science. (National Science Foundation,200). The authors look at the question, how under representation of females reflect gender makeup, tokenism, and stereotypes in classrooms. It can also explain how females perform under the pressure of negative stereotypes in math and science. The authors make an argument that the females in a group adds the awareness of ones gender which increases negative stereotypes associated with that. The authors indentify that the females who cared the most about doing seemed to be affected the most by the pressures of stereotypes. In this study the authors examine how the students performed or unperformed in a private or public setting. The authors concentrated on females who were identified as being good in math. They attempted to evaluate the female students and how they affected by situations and stereotypes. The authors did a good job of getting data by controlled evaluation and other accurate research information already available. The research leans to the assumption that work in public adds pressure to the threat of stereoty... Free Essays on Private Threating Enviroments Free Essays on Private Threating Enviroments Private Threatening Environments 1 Running head : THE IMPLICATIONS OF THREATENING EVIRONMENTS ON INTELLECTUAL PROCESSING Do High-Achieving Female Students Underperforming in Private? The Implications of Threating Environments on Intellectual Processing Alcorn State University Private Threatening Environments 2 Ben-Zeev, T & Inzlicht, M. (2003). Do High-Achieving Female Students Underperforming in Private The Implications of Threatening Eviornments on Intellectual Processing. Journal of Educational Psychology Summary of Article Education statiatics show that a very small amount of women are in the field of math and science. Although women represent over half of the student body, they are a small percentage that graduate in math and science. (National Science Foundation,200). The authors look at the question, how under representation of females reflect gender makeup, tokenism, and stereotypes in classrooms. It can also explain how females perform under the pressure of negative stereotypes in math and science. The authors make an argument that the females in a group adds the awareness of ones gender which increases negative stereotypes associated with that. The authors indentify that the females who cared the most about doing seemed to be affected the most by the pressures of stereotypes. In this study the authors examine how the students performed or unperformed in a private or public setting. The authors concentrated on females who were identified as being good in math. They attempted to evaluate the female students and how they affected by situations and stereotypes. The authors did a good job of getting data by controlled evaluation and other accurate research information already available. The research leans to the assumption that work in public adds pressure to the threat of stereoty...

Monday, October 21, 2019

Grenvilles novel The Secret River Essays

Grenvilles novel The Secret River Essays Grenvilles novel The Secret River Paper Grenvilles novel The Secret River Paper Essay Topic: Everything Is Illuminated Our identity in a community is determined by one’s own internal emotional view of humanity. This is shown in Steven Herrick’s prose novel The Simple Gift, Tim Winton’s novel Breath and Kate Grenville’s novel ‘The Secret River’ through the use of the young disparate protagonists throughout these texts we can observe and extract many adaptations made by personas to survive in a changing world and different meanings of belonging and not belonging. Within the texts we observe individuals gaining a sense of connection and security to other people through literature and imagination. Individuals need role models in order to develop a reciprocal connection with others, by fostering a sense of identity and develop self-esteem. However the consequences of not achieving t2his relationship leads to loss of identity. Individuals must make choices between different places, communities and other people who offer them different concepts of belonging. . 2. 3. The aspect of individuals needing to gain a sense of connection and security through literature and imagination is illuminated through Tim Winton’s Breath and Steven Herrick’s The Simple Gift. In Steven Herrick’s The Simple Gift this connection to literature is shown through the protagonist Billy with the use of the quote ‘and I’m there, on the island, /gorging on tropical fruit,/trying to decide/whose side I’m on’ in this quote Herrick’s alludes to William Golding’s ‘Lord of the Flies’, this analogy depicts Billy integrating into the novel and deciding which side of society he wishes to assimilate into to, deciding whether or to abide by ‘normal’ customs or challenge rules of society’s expectations. This extended metaphor shows how having a lack of structure or authority leads to chaos and isolation. : Similarly, in Winton’s novel this aspect of literature is shown through the quote â€Å"I liked books – the respite and privacy of them – books about plants and the formation of ice and the business of world wars. Whenever I sank into them I felt free† The use of first person, emotive language of ‘liked’ shows that individuals gain a sense of connection and imagination through literature, art and imagination. Winton uses listing as well as diction, with the use of such words like respite and privacy imply safety and security in ones imagination, this allows the protagonist ‘Pikelet’ a getaway from reality and feelings of not belonging. Individuals need role models in order to develop a reciprocal connection with others, fostering sense of identity and develop self-esteem. However not achieving this relationship leads to a loss of identity. In Steven Herrick’s The Simple Gift, the reciprocal relationship between the personas Old Bill and Billy are shown through the quote ‘I knew that Old Bill was giving/ me more than these keys I held. / holding someone’s past in my dirty hands. ’ This symbolism of the keys is used to illuminate the depth of Billy’s relationship with Old Bill and the concept of belonging represented by a physical house. This shows Old Bill’s trust in Billy because Old Bill is not only giving Billy a house, he is giving him a part of his life along with removing the degrading tag of homelessness. This is also seen in the quote â€Å"two hobos laughing/laughing the morning away†, Herrick’s use of repetition of laughing shows the stable, down to earth relationship between the pair and their deep security placed within each other. The hyperbole of ‘laughing the morning away’ as well as the colloquial language of ‘hobos’ enlightens the reader to admire the mindset of the homeless protagonists. 8. Similarly, this is shown through the protagonist featured in Breath, Pikelet, after his mentor Sando abandons him. â€Å"I went numb. I couldn’t say what it was and didn’t dare try. How do you explain the sense of being made to feel improper? † Tim Winton has manipulated the use of a rhetorical question to highlight Pikelet’s insecurities that have consequentially developed as a result of an upbringing in an isolated town. Winton’s use of diction, using the word ‘improper’ shows us that Pikelet doesn’t belong in his ‘given’ social group. The colloquial language gives the persona Pikelet a more authentic voice, creating a relatable protagonist. Winton has also used the quote ‘, ‘Sando paddled up and held my hand like a brother or a father. ’ Winton’s simile compares the difference between Sando, and Pikelet’s father who was never there to encourage and support Pikelet during his adolescence, this creates and emotional connection and dependence on Sando, both authors create to relationship to use the depends and mutual addiction on a role model 9. 10. Finally, Individuals must make choices between different places, communities and other people who offer them different senses of belonging. This is shown by Winton in Breath again through the persona Pikelet when he said â€Å"Everything around me seemed so pointless and puny/ Wherever I went I felt like the last awake person in a room full of sleepers†, this simile is used to show Pikelet’s search for belonging and people he could associate with, but not realising the countless barriers in Pikelets unique personality. In contrast the use of diction in the quote ‘we feel like we naturally belong at the beach, others detest it because they feel alien to it. ’ Shows that Pikelet knows where he belongs and whom he belongs with. 1. Similar shown in the extract of Kate Grenville’s ‘The Secret River’ through the convict protagonist William Thornhill with the quote ‘For them, Home was nothing but a story. If they were to go to London they would be outsiders’, this metaphor illuminates the choice he must make to uproot his family back to England, even though they have develop a connection to a physical place, it shows they want Australia to be like London. Capital of Home emphasises the significants . The repetition of home throughout the extract is used. Also shown by the hyperbole in ‘Had often been on the wrong side of the wall’ alluding to the wrong side of society, it is also seen as it relates to prison society, feeling trapped and isolated, just like in Australia. In conclusion both the composers have identified that belonging within a community is determined by ones childhood and background and the role of parental figures and role models, this is achieved through the use of adolescent protagonists as well as relating connection a to literature, enabling individuals to escape to another reality, the composer also highlight the need for role models and belonging in communities to enhance ones sense of humanity.

Sunday, October 20, 2019

How to Build Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills in College

How to Build Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills in College College is an excellent setting for students to hone their communication skills. Becoming a responsible communicator is a coveted skill with high value to prospective employers. It’s also a sign of maturity, humanity and leadership. Whether practice a sport or belong to any groups or clubs, your ability to communicate effectively is key to your success and depending on the role you hold, the success of the group. It can also help you make and keep friends and ensure a , not to mention help you develop positive relationships with your professors. Here are some ways to practice effective communication while in college: Learn to Listen One of the most underrated and yet most important communication skills is listening. Instructions The ability to listen to and recall information comes in very handy when someone is giving you instructions. Always keep in mind: what is the goal of this exercise? If the goal is to demonstrate teamwork in a sporting exercise, then the focus will be different than if the goal were to merely demonstrate physical ability. Make sure you pay attention to both the small details and the big picture. Empathizing If someone comes to you to vent their frustration about something, try to remain empathetic but neutral. Don’t stoke the flames of their frustration nor ask them to calm down. Rather just try to listen to their perspective and put yourself in their shoes. The ability to be a good listener is also usually a sign of good leadership. Feedback When a teacher, coach or other student is giving you corrective feedback, try to understand their point of view and don’t ever take anything personally. Be flexible in your thinking so you can be open to new ideas and perspectives. Accepting the fact that you’re not always right about everything will make it easier for you to work with people and will also enhance your learning skills. Standing Your Ground However, sometimes there are situations where you’ll have to stick up for yourself. If you were given an unfair grade or were unduly punished or were accused of something you didn’t do by a friend or classmate, then it’s important you voice your opinion. In these cases, you want to avoid either of these conflict types: The fighter Having an emotional reaction, demonstrating anger or offense will only aggravate the situation. The avoider However, running away from conflict and letting the injustice slide will not serve you in this situation or in the future. Try this: Diplomacy Instead, try to arrange a meeting in a neutral setting and come prepared with valid points on why the person was mistaken. Use neutral language and be diplomatic. Don’t raise your voice or display anger, but do sit up tall, look the person in the eye and speak with confidence. Learning How to Give Feedback If you’re in a leadership role such as the captain of a team or the editor of the school newspaper, you’ll have to learn how to give feedback: Don’t give immediate feedback if it’s negative If an incident just happened, it’s best to wait a while before approaching the person about it. If you give immediate feedback, it can come across as irritation or anger. When the situation cools down, then you can approach them. Be specific Don’t say things like â€Å"You didn’t do a good job.† That’s too general and not helpful. Instead, let them know specifically where they failed: â€Å"The formatting for this month’s newspaper was off and had to be corrected at the last minute at the printer’s.† Give helpful suggestions and guidance Using the example above, you could suggest the following: â€Å"Let’s go over the formatting together this month in order to make sure everything’s okay before going to print.† Learning how to express thoughts and opinions, how to de-escalate conflict, how to empathize and offer feedback and guidance to others are all skills that can be practiced in college and which will serve you in professional and personal relationships afterwards.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

New UK GAAP Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

New UK GAAP - Assignment Example The need for a global reporting standard has gained more importance for small and medium sized organizations where the accountability of managers towards the investors are generally less transparent compared to large multi-national companies. Over the years such transparency might lead to mistrust between the owners and the managers leading to an Agency problem. Even though the advantage of general sets of international reporting standards are acknowledged, there are a certain implementation challenges at the international and domestic level if the objective of a harmonised and enhanced reporting structure is to be achieved. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Global Reporting Standards 4 Importance of Accounting Standards Bodies 6 Harmonization of Reporting Standards in Recent Times 7 Conclusion 8 References 10 Bibliography 11 Introduction A considerable amount of countries and entities around the globe have adopted IFRS (Internationa l Financial Reporting Standards) as the base for financial reporting with the means and objective to enhance the value of information on corporate performance. In the year 2010, a potential new framework proposed by the Accounting Standards Board (ASB) to replace current Irish and UK GAAP has revised the original proposal and released 3 new drafts Application of Financial Reporting Requirements FRS 100, 101, 102, etc. ... ts to FRS 102 (FRED 48) which was issued on October 2012 restricted the proposed scope and amendments relating to accounting of service concession arrangements and multi-employer pensions. In addition, FRED 48 also contains proposed comprehensive accounting standards based on IFRS for Small and Medium-sized Entities. Even though the advantage of general sets of international reporting standards are acknowledged, there are a certain operational challenges at the international and domestic level if the objective of a harmonised and enhanced reporting structure is to be achieved (FRC, 2013, pp.3-12). Advantages and Disadvantages of Global Reporting Standards The need for a global reporting standard has gained more importance for small and medium sized organizations where the accountability of managers towards the investors are generally less transparent compared to large multi-national companies. Over times such transparency might lead to mistrust between the owners and the managers lea ding to an Agency problem. The implication of non-transparent reporting can be better understood when one analyzes the global financial crisis of 2008. A vigilant scrutiny of the financial crisis reveals an underestimation of the risk associated with financial instruments (such as Mortgage based securities), that led to inflated expectations ultimately triggering global financial crisis. This underestimation of risk perception of the investors was primarily motivated from the improper financial reporting of entities. Hence, an establishment of suitable reporting standards for accounting along with suitable disclosures in the financial statements has become a challenging task (Kurz, 2004, pp.1-5). The industries have experienced some tremendous changes in terms of financial reporting and

Friday, October 18, 2019

Tamas by Bhisham Sahni and Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel Essay

Tamas by Bhisham Sahni and Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel - Nathu and Tita; Victims of Society - Essay Example rns itself with the story of the partition between India and Pakistan, which is that reprehensible chapter of Indian history, depicting the exodus of the terror – stricken Hindus who lived in the Muslim majority regions and whose screams drowned the jubilant shouts of Independence. One of the quotes in the novel goes like this, "If people knew each other, they would find it hard to hate." (Bhisham Sahni, Tamas) This realistic portrayal fetched the novelist, actor and playwright, Bhisham Sahni, the Sahitya Akademi Award for 1975. Laura Esquivel’s ‘Like Water for Chocolate’ is a true portrayal of the Mexican revolution as its background, when various political parties were squabbling for control of the nation and putting forth their separate ideas about the governing of the nation. ‘Like Water for Chocolate’ is a story that takes place in the late 19th century, narrates about the widowed Mama Elena who has three daughters Gertrudis, Rosaura and Tita. The story uses the Mexican revolution as a metaphor for change, where Elena represents the old power structure while in Tita we have the attitude of rebellion, seen in the new members of the governing parties in the current times. The story revolves around the theme of forbidden love on the ranch, where the youngest daughter Tita is forbidden to marry her true love Pedro because according to the law the mother had to be looked after by the youngest daughter which happened to be Tita. Tita’s mother was so heartless as she offers Rosaura to Pedro in marriage instead. Pedro loved Tita so much that he agrees to marry Rosaura only for the one reason of being close to his true love Tita. Tita was victimized by her own mother ever since her birth. This is aptly described by the author who states â€Å"Tita was literally washed into this world on a great tide of tears that spilled over the edge of the table and flooded across the kitchen floor†¦.† These lines show the pain, suffering, suppression and trauma that

Modern Jewish History Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Modern Jewish History - Case Study Example This led to changing attitudes among Rabbis, as the faith began to become less strict. While it could be argued that this modernization became necessary in order for the faith to survive, it can also be argued that it takes away from the Jewish experience as a whole. The modernization of Jews in the Ottoman and Northern Africa differed greatly from the modernization of Jews in Europe because they were surrounded by different cultural elements in each place. The leaders of the European Jews viewed modernization as a destructive force that had the potential to ruin Judaism as a whole. Modernism was compared to a whirlwind by these leaders, which would become a destructive force against tradition and, therefore, the religion as a whole. What occurred because of these new modern ideas was a split between Jews in Europe. Traditionalists believed that everything new was forbidden by the Torah and this caused for those who wished to change the structure of Judaism to leave the religion and form their new branches. All of this was based on fear for the Rabbis of Europe and this fear overtook the religion and caused it to split. By not allowing for changes to be made in order to accommodate the new modern world, Rabbis created even more problems for European Jews. One such change that occurred involved how Jews were to dress. The modern world was creating new fashions and many Jewish people wished to change how they dress. The Rabbis believed, however, that this would make them indistinguishable from the Gentiles, which is going against the Torah because it is a form of shame. Many of these Jews also wished to take part in activities outside of their religious circles, such as become involved in politics or discussion groups. All in all, the leadership of the European Jews was responsible for the opposition to modernization and, therefore, responsible for dissecting the religion because of this. In Arab countries, Rabbis took a slightly different approach to modernization. While they did believe that modernization could cause some major problems for the faith, they also believed that many of the forces of modernization could be used to their advantage. They did not come out against modernization, but rather worked with in it order to ensure that Judaism would survive in the region, which included a rejection of many European ideologies, as they asked the question: " what in the culture of European peoples is superior to Arab culture, by which Iraqi Jews have been influences, that would make it appear preferable to them'".1 This led to a much less chaotic atmosphere in religious circles, as the people did not feel like they had to go against their religion in order to fit in with the rest of the modern world. The religious aspects of Judaism became less strict over this time as well. While the religious leaders were not happy with this fact, they also realized that they had to adapt to the times in order to help people to keep the faith. This is why they did not overreact when young Jewish men began trimming and later shaving their beards. While this was not allowed by Jewish tradition, the Rabbis realized that they could not stop modernization and, therefore, they moved away from some of the traditions, while keeping others alive. Because the modernization in the Arab world took place much later than in Europe, the Rabbis were able to learn from the mistakes of Europe, in order to ensure t

Thursday, October 17, 2019

China Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

China Economic Development - Essay Example Chinese leader during this period attempted to transfer the heart of agriculture from traditional farming to household activities (Roche, 2010). These reforms extended to price liberalization, in a more gradual way. It became followed by fiscal decentralization (Roche, 2010). Also as part of the undergoing reforms, business enterprises managed by the state became granted independence. This means that, all the government officials found at the local levels and also managers of a number of plants had more authority (Roche, 2010). This led to the development of a number of privately owned firms within the service producing sector, together with the manufacturing sectors (Roche, 2010). Chinese banking system became diversified, and the country’s stock markets began to rise as the country’s economic reforms took hold (Roche, 2010). China began growing at a rapid pace because of these existing reforms and widely opened the shut doors of its economy to the entire globe for tra de opportunities and direct more foreign investment (Roche, 2010). As a nation, it has undertaken a slow but sure method in implementing all of its economic reforms (Roche, 2010). The country has sold the equity of a number of the country’s state banks to foreign companies and also bond markets. Its role in the international market has also grown over the years (Roche, 2010). China's Global Economy The economy of China witnessed some radical transformations after Deng Xiaoping took charge in 1978 (Roche, 2010). The country has transformed from being a highly centrally planned economy to an open economy from his era (Roche, 2010). The country has now transformed to a leading power house for the world’s economy over the past ten years. In Roche’s... this paper tells that China has also a well developed transport and railway network running throughout the country. The country has developed expressways making the container transportation effective. By late 2006, the country had six provinces with close to 2000 (km) of expressway. Also, the length of the country’s railway system is over 77 000 (km), ranking it third in the globe, next to America and Russia. Nevertheless, Japan has a more advanced and well maintained infrastructure, which undergoes regular and constant upgrading and expansion. According to Roche, the country’s private and public sectors take the responsibility of a number of infrastructural services and operate them efficiently. Japan posses a remarkably extensive and highly modern road network that consists of around 1,152,207 kilometers of highways, and 6,114 kilometers of expressways. The length of the rail network in Japan is 23,670 kilometers. More than half of Japan’s rail network is elect rified. The country is also famous for its high-speed trains. The country also has extensive and modern sea and air transport systems. The country’s communication system is also highly advanced consisting of both the public and private providers. To sum up, this paper says that China posses massive sea ports that have the most influential gateways for its foreign trade. Going by the recent record, China ranks first globally in terms of cargo through put by its weight and also by the high numbers of containers it handles.

The Role of Emotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Role of Emotion - Essay Example The emotion-focused assessment and following therapy follows a process, the two main processes being, interpersonal factors, and emotional cycles. Functional assessment has derived from the applied behavior paradigm. In this context functional means the cause of behavior (Carbone & Zecchini, 2008). The process establishes the function, or cause, of the maladaptive behavior before developing an intervention. This intervention is created from the hypothesized function of the maladaptive behavior. If the intervention is unsuccessful in establishing the function then it is very likely that the results will be ineffective in changing the identified maladaptive behaviours (Starin, 2007). These two therapies though from different psychological schools of thought, and therefore have many differences, nevertheless have several similarities as well. Emotion-focused therapy is a structured, short-term therapy, created in the early 1980s. It is historical based in client-centred, gestalt and existential theories. Client-centred therapies are from the humanistic paradigm, they are non-directive, do not search for interpretations, and center on the client actualizing their potential. Gestalt therapy is based on the theory that the brain is holistic, but that 'getting a whole consistent picture and seeing what the structure of the whole requires for the parts' (Wertheimer, 1959, cited in Gestalt Theory, 2008, p.1). Existential therapy stems from the belief that people are on their own in the world. Therefore, people form their own meanings and values, and have the power to make their own choices. For this reason, every individual is responsible for his or her own happiness. Emotion-focused therapy also has an extensive background in attachment theory, which gives the therapy a broader and more in depth understanding of the client's needs and the problems they are experiencing due to past or present family relationships. The approach focuses on how a person is responsible for their own response patterns to emotional processes. A large amount of research has assessed that this therapy is very effective. Research has shown that between 70-75% of clients who enter into emotion-focused therapy will go into recovery and that nearly 90% will significantly improve (ICEEFT, 2008). Greenburg (2004a) states that emotion can be perceived as a form of information processing which is fundamental to a person's survival, and their ability to adapt to the world around them. Research has shown that emotion can improve memory, help to focus attention, and may influence cognitive processing. In addition, emotion can regulate behavior and help to develop healthy attachments. These processes influence why people will perform certain activities and behaviors. It is not just a result of their beliefs and value systems alone, but also because it makes them feel good or bad. Humans seek to control these feelings by trying to maximize the good feelings and minimize the bad ones. The reactions to these pleasant or unpleasant feelings and the attempt to control them are a person's motivation for action and change. Moreover, these emotions are used to evaluate situations that enhance personal well being and happiness, rather than because they are rational or right (Greenburg, 2004 a). Therefore,